ZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via Malicious Forwarded Header Injection

Open Source Vulnerabilities CVE-2025-64101

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18, a potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL's password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. It's important to note that this specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.6.0, 3.4.3, and 2.71.18.

Open Source Vulnerabilities GO-2025-4084

ZITADEL Vulnerable to Account Takeover via Malicious Forwarded Header Injection in github.com/zitadel/zitadel. NOTE: The source advisory for this report contains additional versions that could not be automatically mapped to standard Go module versions. (If this is causing false-positive reports from vulnerability scanners, please suggest an edit to the report.) The additional affected modules and versions are: github.com/zitadel/zitadel before v2.71.18.

Open Source Vulnerabilities GHSA-mwmh-7px9-4c23

### Impact A potential vulnerability exists in ZITADEL's password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. It's important to note that this specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. ### Affected Versions Systems running one of the following versions: - **4.x**: `4.0.0` to `4.5.0` (including RC versions) - **3.x**: `3.0.0` to `3.4.2` (including RC versions) - **2.x**: `v2.0.0` to `2.71.17` ### Patches Patched version ensure proper validation of the headers: 4.x: Upgrade to >=[4.6.0](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v4.6.0) 3.x: Update to >=[3.4.3](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v3.4.3) 2.x: Update to >=[2.71.18](https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/releases/tag/v2.71.18) ### Workarounds The recommended solution is to update ZITADEL to a patched version. A ZITADEL fronting proxy can be configured to delete all Forwarded and X-Forwarded-Host header values before sending requests to ZITADEL self-hosted environments. ### Questions If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [[email protected]](mailto:[email protected]) ### Credits Thanks to Amit Laish – GE Vernova for finding and reporting the vulnerability.