LIBPNG is vulnerable to a buffer overflow in `png_image_read_composite` via incorrect palette premultiplication

Open Source Vulnerabilities ASB-A-463995203

In png_image_finish_read of pngrtran.c, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a buffer overflow. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Open Source Vulnerabilities CVE-2025-64720

LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. From version 1.6.0 to before 1.6.51, an out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in png_image_read_composite when processing palette images with PNG_FLAG_OPTIMIZE_ALPHA enabled. The palette compositing code in png_init_read_transformations incorrectly applies background compositing during premultiplication, violating the invariant component ≤ alpha × 257 required by the simplified PNG API. This issue has been patched in version 1.6.51.