UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39749
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rcu: Protect ->defer_qs_iw_pending from data race On kernels built with CONFIG_IRQ_WORK=y, when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked within an interrupts-disabled region of code [1], it will invoke rcu_read_unlock_special(), which uses an irq-work handler to force the system to notice when the RCU read-side critical section actually ends. That end won't happen until interrupts are enabled at the soonest. In some kernels, such as those booted with rcutree.use_softirq=y, the irq-work handler is used unconditionally. The per-CPU rcu_data structure's ->defer_qs_iw_pending field is updated by the irq-work handler and is both read and updated by rcu_read_unlock_special(). This resulted in the following KCSAN splat: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ BUG: KCSAN: data-race in rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler / rcu_read_unlock_special read to 0xffff96b95f42d8d8 of 1 bytes by task 90 on cpu 8: rcu_read_unlock_special+0x175/0x260 __rcu_read_unlock+0x92/0xa0 rt_spin_unlock+0x9b/0xc0 __local_bh_enable+0x10d/0x170 __local_bh_enable_ip+0xfb/0x150 rcu_do_batch+0x595/0xc40 rcu_cpu_kthread+0x4e9/0x830 smpboot_thread_fn+0x24d/0x3b0 kthread+0x3bd/0x410 ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 write to 0xffff96b95f42d8d8 of 1 bytes by task 88 on cpu 8: rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler+0x1e/0x30 irq_work_single+0xaf/0x160 run_irq_workd+0x91/0xc0 smpboot_thread_fn+0x24d/0x3b0 kthread+0x3bd/0x410 ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 no locks held by irq_work/8/88. irq event stamp: 200272 hardirqs last enabled at (200272): [<ffffffffb0f56121>] finish_task_switch+0x131/0x320 hardirqs last disabled at (200271): [<ffffffffb25c7859>] __schedule+0x129/0xd70 softirqs last enabled at (0): [<ffffffffb0ee093f>] copy_process+0x4df/0x1cc0 softirqs last disabled at (0): [<0000000000000000>] 0x0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The problem is that irq-work handlers run with interrupts enabled, which means that rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler() could be interrupted, and that interrupt handler might contain an RCU read-side critical section, which might invoke rcu_read_unlock_special(). In the strict KCSAN mode of operation used by RCU, this constitutes a data race on the ->defer_qs_iw_pending field. This commit therefore disables interrupts across the portion of the rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler() that updates the ->defer_qs_iw_pending field. This suffices because this handler is not a fast path.
02 / AFFECTED SOFTWARE
Affected packages
11 explicit affected versions
53 explicit affected versions
116 explicit affected versions
75 explicit affected versions
50 explicit affected versions
6 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
19 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
6 explicit affected versions
85 explicit affected versions
57 explicit affected versions
24 explicit affected versions
70 explicit affected versions
70 explicit affected versions
91 explicit affected versions
76 explicit affected versions
65 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
28 explicit affected versions
26 explicit affected versions
77 explicit affected versions
191 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
74 explicit affected versions
32 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
85 explicit affected versions
35 explicit affected versions
35 explicit affected versions
37 explicit affected versions
35 explicit affected versions
18 explicit affected versions
32 explicit affected versions
118 explicit affected versions
64 explicit affected versions
37 explicit affected versions
120 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
4 explicit affected versions
121 explicit affected versions
23 explicit affected versions
43 explicit affected versions
124 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
21 explicit affected versions
9 explicit affected versions
16 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
76 explicit affected versions
39 explicit affected versions
8 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
11 explicit affected versions
111 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
14 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
9 explicit affected versions
104 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
105 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
32 explicit affected versions
120 explicit affected versions
31 explicit affected versions
16 explicit affected versions
23 explicit affected versions
25 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
37 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
31 explicit affected versions
3 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
11 explicit affected versions
52 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
26 explicit affected versions
3 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
144 explicit affected versions
24 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
29 explicit affected versions
111 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
82 explicit affected versions
32 explicit affected versions
32 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
100 explicit affected versions
77 explicit affected versions
40 explicit affected versions
33 explicit affected versions
23 explicit affected versions
46 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
11 explicit affected versions
188 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
11 explicit affected versions
5 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
138 explicit affected versions
2 explicit affected versions
5 explicit affected versions
62 explicit affected versions
132 explicit affected versions
78 explicit affected versions
165 explicit affected versions
154 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
26 explicit affected versions
31 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
54 explicit affected versions
26 explicit affected versions
38 explicit affected versions
11 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
37 explicit affected versions
139 explicit affected versions
78 explicit affected versions
16 explicit affected versions
76 explicit affected versions
41 explicit affected versions
116 explicit affected versions
3 explicit affected versions
132 explicit affected versions
93 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
2 explicit affected versions
51 explicit affected versions
92 explicit affected versions
18 explicit affected versions
33 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
64 explicit affected versions
65 explicit affected versions
27 explicit affected versions
51 explicit affected versions
121 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
98 explicit affected versions
34 explicit affected versions
8 explicit affected versions
42 explicit affected versions
5 explicit affected versions
3 explicit affected versions
8 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
37 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
110 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
72 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
140 explicit affected versions
8 explicit affected versions
94 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
12 explicit affected versions
9 explicit affected versions
25 explicit affected versions
108 explicit affected versions
80 explicit affected versions
56 explicit affected versions
44 explicit affected versions
16 explicit affected versions
3 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
26 explicit affected versions
45 explicit affected versions
37 explicit affected versions
42 explicit affected versions
14 explicit affected versions
38 explicit affected versions
167 explicit affected versions
9 explicit affected versions
11 explicit affected versions
30 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
78 explicit affected versions
8 explicit affected versions
7 explicit affected versions
97 explicit affected versions
121 explicit affected versions
4 explicit affected versions
67 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
76 explicit affected versions
67 explicit affected versions
66 explicit affected versions
13 explicit affected versions
43 explicit affected versions
77 explicit affected versions
119 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
8 explicit affected versions
36 explicit affected versions
88 explicit affected versions
14 explicit affected versions
4 explicit affected versions
78 explicit affected versions
11 explicit affected versions
1 explicit affected versions
69 explicit affected versions
123 explicit affected versions
10 explicit affected versions
30 explicit affected versions
66 explicit affected versions
03 / CONNECTIONS
Connected vulnerabilities
04 / EVIDENCE
Source records
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rcu: Protect ->defer_qs_iw_pending from data race On kernels built with CONFIG_IRQ_WORK=y, when rcu_read_unlock() is invoked within an interrupts-disabled region of code [1], it will invoke rcu_read_unlock_special(), which uses an irq-work handler to force the system to notice when the RCU read-side critical section actually ends. That end won't happen until interrupts are enabled at the soonest. In some kernels, such as those booted with rcutree.use_softirq=y, the irq-work handler is used unconditionally. The per-CPU rcu_data structure's ->defer_qs_iw_pending field is updated by the irq-work handler and is both read and updated by rcu_read_unlock_special(). This resulted in the following KCSAN splat: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ BUG: KCSAN: data-race in rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler / rcu_read_unlock_special read to 0xffff96b95f42d8d8 of 1 bytes by task 90 on cpu 8: rcu_read_unlock_special+0x175/0x260 __rcu_read_unlock+0x92/0xa0 rt_spin_unlock+0x9b/0xc0 __local_bh_enable+0x10d/0x170 __local_bh_enable_ip+0xfb/0x150 rcu_do_batch+0x595/0xc40 rcu_cpu_kthread+0x4e9/0x830 smpboot_thread_fn+0x24d/0x3b0 kthread+0x3bd/0x410 ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 write to 0xffff96b95f42d8d8 of 1 bytes by task 88 on cpu 8: rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler+0x1e/0x30 irq_work_single+0xaf/0x160 run_irq_workd+0x91/0xc0 smpboot_thread_fn+0x24d/0x3b0 kthread+0x3bd/0x410 ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 no locks held by irq_work/8/88. irq event stamp: 200272 hardirqs last enabled at (200272): [<ffffffffb0f56121>] finish_task_switch+0x131/0x320 hardirqs last disabled at (200271): [<ffffffffb25c7859>] __schedule+0x129/0xd70 softirqs last enabled at (0): [<ffffffffb0ee093f>] copy_process+0x4df/0x1cc0 softirqs last disabled at (0): [<0000000000000000>] 0x0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The problem is that irq-work handlers run with interrupts enabled, which means that rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler() could be interrupted, and that interrupt handler might contain an RCU read-side critical section, which might invoke rcu_read_unlock_special(). In the strict KCSAN mode of operation used by RCU, this constitutes a data race on the ->defer_qs_iw_pending field. This commit therefore disables interrupts across the portion of the rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler() that updates the ->defer_qs_iw_pending field. This suffices because this handler is not a fast path.
05 / REFERENCES
Further evidence
- https://git.kernel.org/linus/90c09d57caeca94e6f3f87c49e96a91edd40cbfd
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0ad84d62217488e679ecc90e8628980dcc003de3
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55e11f6776798b27cf09a7aa0d718415d4fc9cf5
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/74f58f382a7c8333f8d09701aefaa25913bdbe0e
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90c09d57caeca94e6f3f87c49e96a91edd40cbfd
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/90de9c94ea72327cfa9c2c9f6113c23a513af60b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b55947b725f190396f475d5d0c59aa855a4d8895
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b5de8d80b5d049f051b95d9b1ee50ae4ab656124
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e35e711c78c8a4c43330c0dcb1c4d507a19c20f4
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f937759c7432d6151b73e1393b6517661813d506
- https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2025-39749
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7909-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7909-2
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7909-3
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7909-4
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7909-5
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7910-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7910-2
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7933-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-7938-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-2
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-3
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-4
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-5
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-6
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-7
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8028-8
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8031-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8031-2
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8031-3
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8052-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8052-2
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8074-1
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8074-2
- https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8126-1
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-39749