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UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39901 High

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39901

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i40e: remove read access to debugfs files The 'command' and 'netdev_ops' debugfs files are a legacy debugging interface supported by the i40e driver since its early days by commit 02e9c290814c ("i40e: debugfs interface"). Both of these debugfs files provide a read handler which is mostly useless, and which is implemented with questionable logic. They both use a static 256 byte buffer which is initialized to the empty string. In the case of the 'command' file this buffer is literally never used and simply wastes space. In the case of the 'netdev_ops' file, the last command written is saved here. On read, the files contents are presented as the name of the device followed by a colon and then the contents of their respective static buffer. For 'command' this will always be "<device>: ". For 'netdev_ops', this will be "<device>: <last command written>". But note the buffer is shared between all devices operated by this module. At best, it is mostly meaningless information, and at worse it could be accessed simultaneously as there doesn't appear to be any locking mechanism. We have also recently received multiple reports for both read functions about their use of snprintf and potential overflow that could result in reading arbitrary kernel memory. For the 'command' file, this is definitely impossible, since the static buffer is always zero and never written to. For the 'netdev_ops' file, it does appear to be possible, if the user carefully crafts the command input, it will be copied into the buffer, which could be large enough to cause snprintf to truncate, which then causes the copy_to_user to read beyond the length of the buffer allocated by kzalloc. A minimal fix would be to replace snprintf() with scnprintf() which would cap the return to the number of bytes written, preventing an overflow. A more involved fix would be to drop the mostly useless static buffers, saving 512 bytes and modifying the read functions to stop needing those as input. Instead, lets just completely drop the read access to these files. These are debug interfaces exposed as part of debugfs, and I don't believe that dropping read access will break any script, as the provided output is pretty useless. You can find the netdev name through other more standard interfaces, and the 'netdev_ops' interface can easily result in garbage if you issue simultaneous writes to multiple devices at once. In order to properly remove the i40e_dbg_netdev_ops_buf, we need to refactor its write function to avoid using the static buffer. Instead, use the same logic as the i40e_dbg_command_write, with an allocated buffer. Update the code to use this instead of the static buffer, and ensure we free the buffer on exit. This fixes simultaneous writes to 'netdev_ops' on multiple devices, and allows us to remove the now unused static buffer along with removing the read access.

Exploit probability Not scored
Published October 1, 2025
Required by Not available
Last source change August 19, 2026

02 / AFFECTED SOFTWARE

Affected packages

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-starfive-6.5

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-iot

53 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-azure

116 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-ibm

89 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-oem

50 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-aws-5.0

6 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-6.5

19 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.14

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-raspi2

6 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux

100 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-riscv

24 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gkeop

85 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15

84 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-fips

91 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure

86 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.15

76 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv-6.5

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-ibm-6.8

30 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oem-6.8

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gke

90 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux

191 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-5.19

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-raspi

84 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oracle-6.8

34 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

85 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia

37 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.14

35 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

51 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra

50 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gke-5.15

18 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

42 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-oracle

118 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde

64 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oracle

39 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.4

120 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.13

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.8

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-kvm

121 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:16.04:LTS linux-hwe-edge

23 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux

45 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-gcp

124 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-raspi-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.8

21 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.13

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

76 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-aws

41 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.11

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.0

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-riscv

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oracle-6.14

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-oracle

111 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-6.11

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-6.5

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-azure-fde

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-intel-5.13

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-azure-5.4

104 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.13

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-raspi

105 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:22.04:LTS linux-realtime-6.8

34 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux-aws

120 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx

45 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oem-6.14

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-6.8

23 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gkeop

27 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-hwe-edge

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gke-5.4

37 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-nvidia

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oracle-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8

33 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-nvidia-6.14

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-6.2

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.14

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:22.04:LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime

68 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.10

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

5 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.13

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-aws

144 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp

37 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.6

29 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.4

111 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.3

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-riscv-6.14

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency

96 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency

34 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.8

34 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-raspi-5.4

100 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws

92 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

55 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gke-4.15

33 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv

23 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-ibm-5.15

60 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-aws-5.3

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-fips

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux

188 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Nvidia-BlueField:24.04:LTS linux-bluefield

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-6.14

5 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.8

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.2

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-gcp

138 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:16.04:LTS linux-fips

2 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-6.14

5 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia

77 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-kvm

132 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oracle

93 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux-lts-xenial

165 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux

154 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-5.17

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure

32 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15

69 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.8

28 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-raspi

40 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-aws-6.14

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-6.2

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-ibm

39 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-aws

139 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-ibm-5.4

78 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-6.0

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-kvm

91 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gcp

43 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-aws-hwe

116 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-5.19

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux

132 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-4.15

93 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.11

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

2 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gke

51 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-azure-4.15

92 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oem-6.11

18 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS linux-raspi-realtime

35 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.13

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.15

71 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-intel-iotg

80 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-6.1

27 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Nvidia-BlueField:22.04:LTS linux-bluefield

66 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-oracle

121 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-fips

98 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.8

36 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.19

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-fips

55 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.8

5 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-intel

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.19

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.2

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS linux-realtime

39 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.4

110 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.11

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

72 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-starfive-5.19

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-azure

140 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.11

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

94 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.8

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.13

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS linux-realtime-6.14

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15

39 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-aws-5.4

108 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-bluefield

80 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp

56 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-azure

44 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-azure-5.3

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-starfive-6.2

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.11

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-fde

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gkeop-5.15

45 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gkeop-5.4

37 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-lowlatency

44 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-6.5

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gcp

38 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-hwe

167 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.3

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.19

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv-6.8

32 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-xilinx

15 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp

92 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-fde

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.2

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:16.04:LTS linux-fips

97 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux-azure

121 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.8

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.15

81 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:22.04:LTS linux-realtime

91 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.15

80 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.15

79 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-hwe

43 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

77 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-kvm

119 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-5.19

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-allwinner-5.19

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gke

38 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-ibm

88 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-6.2

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-azure-edge

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gkeop

78 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.5

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

69 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-aws

123 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-6.8

32 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.15

80 explicit affected versions

03 / CONNECTIONS

Connected vulnerabilities

04 / EVIDENCE

Source records

Open Source Vulnerabilities UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39901

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: i40e: remove read access to debugfs files The 'command' and 'netdev_ops' debugfs files are a legacy debugging interface supported by the i40e driver since its early days by commit 02e9c290814c ("i40e: debugfs interface"). Both of these debugfs files provide a read handler which is mostly useless, and which is implemented with questionable logic. They both use a static 256 byte buffer which is initialized to the empty string. In the case of the 'command' file this buffer is literally never used and simply wastes space. In the case of the 'netdev_ops' file, the last command written is saved here. On read, the files contents are presented as the name of the device followed by a colon and then the contents of their respective static buffer. For 'command' this will always be "<device>: ". For 'netdev_ops', this will be "<device>: <last command written>". But note the buffer is shared between all devices operated by this module. At best, it is mostly meaningless information, and at worse it could be accessed simultaneously as there doesn't appear to be any locking mechanism. We have also recently received multiple reports for both read functions about their use of snprintf and potential overflow that could result in reading arbitrary kernel memory. For the 'command' file, this is definitely impossible, since the static buffer is always zero and never written to. For the 'netdev_ops' file, it does appear to be possible, if the user carefully crafts the command input, it will be copied into the buffer, which could be large enough to cause snprintf to truncate, which then causes the copy_to_user to read beyond the length of the buffer allocated by kzalloc. A minimal fix would be to replace snprintf() with scnprintf() which would cap the return to the number of bytes written, preventing an overflow. A more involved fix would be to drop the mostly useless static buffers, saving 512 bytes and modifying the read functions to stop needing those as input. Instead, lets just completely drop the read access to these files. These are debug interfaces exposed as part of debugfs, and I don't believe that dropping read access will break any script, as the provided output is pretty useless. You can find the netdev name through other more standard interfaces, and the 'netdev_ops' interface can easily result in garbage if you issue simultaneous writes to multiple devices at once. In order to properly remove the i40e_dbg_netdev_ops_buf, we need to refactor its write function to avoid using the static buffer. Instead, use the same logic as the i40e_dbg_command_write, with an allocated buffer. Update the code to use this instead of the static buffer, and ensure we free the buffer on exit. This fixes simultaneous writes to 'netdev_ops' on multiple devices, and allows us to remove the now unused static buffer along with removing the read access.

View original source

05 / REFERENCES

Further evidence