FlawAtlas
Search the atlas
UBUNTU-CVE-2025-68780 Not scored

UBUNTU-CVE-2025-68780

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched/deadline: only set free_cpus for online runqueues Commit 16b269436b72 ("sched/deadline: Modify cpudl::free_cpus to reflect rd->online") introduced the cpudl_set/clear_freecpu functions to allow the cpu_dl::free_cpus mask to be manipulated by the deadline scheduler class rq_on/offline callbacks so the mask would also reflect this state. Commit 9659e1eeee28 ("sched/deadline: Remove cpu_active_mask from cpudl_find()") removed the check of the cpu_active_mask to save some processing on the premise that the cpudl::free_cpus mask already reflected the runqueue online state. Unfortunately, there are cases where it is possible for the cpudl_clear function to set the free_cpus bit for a CPU when the deadline runqueue is offline. When this occurs while a CPU is connected to the default root domain the flag may retain the bad state after the CPU has been unplugged. Later, a different CPU that is transitioning through the default root domain may push a deadline task to the powered down CPU when cpudl_find sees its free_cpus bit is set. If this happens the task will not have the opportunity to run. One example is outlined here: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[email protected] Another occurs when the last deadline task is migrated from a CPU that has an offlined runqueue. The dequeue_task member of the deadline scheduler class will eventually call cpudl_clear and set the free_cpus bit for the CPU. This commit modifies the cpudl_clear function to be aware of the online state of the deadline runqueue so that the free_cpus mask can be updated appropriately. It is no longer necessary to manage the mask outside of the cpudl_set/clear functions so the cpudl_set/clear_freecpu functions are removed. In addition, since the free_cpus mask is now only updated under the cpudl lock the code was changed to use the non-atomic __cpumask functions.

Exploit probability Not scored
Published January 13, 2026
Required by Not available
Last source change August 19, 2026

02 / AFFECTED SOFTWARE

Affected packages

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-starfive-6.5

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-iot

53 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-azure

116 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-ibm

80 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-oem

50 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-aws-5.0

6 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-6.5

19 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.14

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-raspi2

6 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux

90 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-5.15

57 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-riscv

24 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gkeop

75 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.15

75 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-fips

91 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure

79 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.15

70 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv-6.5

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-ibm-6.8

32 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oem-6.8

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gke

82 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux

191 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-5.19

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-raspi

77 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oracle-6.8

35 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

85 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia

39 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.14

35 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

42 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra

40 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gke-5.15

18 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

35 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-oracle

118 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde

64 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oracle

40 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.4

120 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.13

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.8

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-kvm

121 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:16.04:LTS linux-hwe-edge

23 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux

47 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-gcp

124 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-raspi-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.8

21 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-6.8

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.13

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux

15 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

76 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-aws

43 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.11

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.0

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-riscv

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oracle-6.14

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-oracle

111 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-6.11

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-6.5

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-azure-fde

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-intel-5.13

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-azure-5.4

104 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.13

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oracle-6.17

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-raspi

105 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:22.04:LTS linux-realtime-6.8

36 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux-aws

120 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-igx

36 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oem-6.14

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-gcp

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-6.8

25 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gkeop

29 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-hwe-edge

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gke-5.4

37 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-nvidia

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.17

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oracle-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8

35 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-nvidia-6.14

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-6.2

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.14

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:22.04:LTS linux-intel-iot-realtime

57 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.10

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

6 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.13

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-aws

144 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp

29 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oem-5.6

29 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.4

111 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.3

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-riscv-6.14

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency

87 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia-lowlatency

36 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.8

36 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-riscv-6.17

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-raspi-5.4

100 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws

82 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

45 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gke-4.15

33 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv

23 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-ibm-5.15

51 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-aws-5.3

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-fips

15 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux

188 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Nvidia-BlueField:24.04:LTS linux-bluefield

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-6.14

5 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.11

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS linux-realtime-6.17

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.8

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.2

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.17

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-azure

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-gcp

138 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:16.04:LTS linux-fips

2 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-6.14

5 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia

67 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-kvm

132 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oracle

83 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux-lts-xenial

165 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux

154 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-5.17

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure

34 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-intel-iotg-5.15

59 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.8

30 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-raspi

42 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-aws-6.14

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-aws-6.17

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-6.2

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-ibm

41 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-aws

139 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-ibm-5.4

78 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-6.0

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-kvm

81 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gcp

45 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-aws-hwe

116 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-azure-fde-5.19

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux

132 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-4.15

93 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gcp-6.11

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

2 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-riscv

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gke

51 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-oracle

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-azure-4.15

92 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oem-6.11

18 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS linux-raspi-realtime

37 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.13

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.15

66 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-intel-iotg

70 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.17

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-oem-6.1

27 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Nvidia-BlueField:22.04:LTS linux-bluefield

56 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-oracle

121 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:18.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-fips

98 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.8

38 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.19

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:22.04:LTS linux-fips

47 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.8

5 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.19

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.2

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS linux-realtime

41 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.4

110 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-5.11

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-azure-fips

72 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-starfive-5.19

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-azure

140 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.11

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

94 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.8

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.13

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:24.04:LTS linux-realtime-6.14

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-nvidia-tegra-5.15

30 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:18.04:LTS linux-aws-5.4

108 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-bluefield

80 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-xilinx-zynqmp

56 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-azure

44 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-azure-5.3

16 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-starfive-6.2

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.11

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-azure-fde

26 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gkeop-5.15

45 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gkeop-5.4

37 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-lowlatency

46 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-6.5

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-gcp

38 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:16.04:LTS linux-hwe

167 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.3

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-aws

12 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.19

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-riscv-6.8

34 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-xilinx

15 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-raspi

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-gcp

83 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-fde

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.2

7 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS:16.04:LTS linux-fips

97 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:14.04:LTS linux-azure

121 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-5.8

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-riscv-5.15

72 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-azure-6.17

3 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-preview:22.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:Realtime:22.04:LTS linux-realtime

81 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-hwe-5.15

72 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-aws-5.15

71 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-hwe-6.5

13 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-hwe

43 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:20.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

77 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-oem-6.17

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-kvm

119 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-5.19

10 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-allwinner-5.19

8 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:24.04:LTS linux-gke

40 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-ibm

88 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-6.2

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:18.04:LTS linux-azure-edge

4 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:20.04:LTS linux-gkeop

78 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:25.10 linux-realtime

9 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-nvidia-6.5

11 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-realtime

1 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:18.04:LTS linux-gcp-fips

69 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-aws

123 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:FIPS-updates:24.04:LTS linux-aws-fips

14 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:22.04:LTS linux-aws-6.8

34 explicit affected versions

Ubuntu:Pro:20.04:LTS linux-oracle-5.15

71 explicit affected versions

03 / CONNECTIONS

Connected vulnerabilities

04 / EVIDENCE

Source records

Open Source Vulnerabilities UBUNTU-CVE-2025-68780

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sched/deadline: only set free_cpus for online runqueues Commit 16b269436b72 ("sched/deadline: Modify cpudl::free_cpus to reflect rd->online") introduced the cpudl_set/clear_freecpu functions to allow the cpu_dl::free_cpus mask to be manipulated by the deadline scheduler class rq_on/offline callbacks so the mask would also reflect this state. Commit 9659e1eeee28 ("sched/deadline: Remove cpu_active_mask from cpudl_find()") removed the check of the cpu_active_mask to save some processing on the premise that the cpudl::free_cpus mask already reflected the runqueue online state. Unfortunately, there are cases where it is possible for the cpudl_clear function to set the free_cpus bit for a CPU when the deadline runqueue is offline. When this occurs while a CPU is connected to the default root domain the flag may retain the bad state after the CPU has been unplugged. Later, a different CPU that is transitioning through the default root domain may push a deadline task to the powered down CPU when cpudl_find sees its free_cpus bit is set. If this happens the task will not have the opportunity to run. One example is outlined here: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/[email protected] Another occurs when the last deadline task is migrated from a CPU that has an offlined runqueue. The dequeue_task member of the deadline scheduler class will eventually call cpudl_clear and set the free_cpus bit for the CPU. This commit modifies the cpudl_clear function to be aware of the online state of the deadline runqueue so that the free_cpus mask can be updated appropriately. It is no longer necessary to manage the mask outside of the cpudl_set/clear functions so the cpudl_set/clear_freecpu functions are removed. In addition, since the free_cpus mask is now only updated under the cpudl lock the code was changed to use the non-atomic __cpumask functions.

View original source

05 / REFERENCES

Further evidence